Artwork Image Gallery
The KISS images below are public domain, but must be accompanied by the appropriate image credit.
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Back cover. A vision of the future where a fast, affordable, and bold Mars exploration strategy delivers dozens of spacecraft to explore the planet’s surface. -
Harnessing full contributions from all interested parties is key to a sustained, affordable landed program of exploration at Mars and full realization of economic and societal benefits of the program. Harnessing full contributions from all interested parties is key to a sustained, affordable landed program of exploration at Mars and full realization of economic and societal benefits of the program.
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Changing partner relationships will grow the stakeholder pool that is investing at Mars. 
Changing partner relationships will grow the stakeholder pool that is investing at Mars.
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Mars pulls technology from – and can push technology to – other sectors. Future Mars missions can draw on technology developments from a wide range of sponsors and markets, enabling enhanced capabilities as well as reducing development and recurring costs. Mars pulls technology from – and can push technology to – other sectors. Future Mars missions can draw on technology developments from a wide range of sponsors and markets, enabling enhanced capabilities as well as reducing development and recurring costs.
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Crucial scientific measurements for understanding the Mars system require access to and interaction with the Mars surface. Access to and interaction with rocks and ices is needed for measurements of texture, chemistry, mineralogy, isotopes at organics content at sub-centimeter scale. Landed measurements are required for boundary layer winds and measurements of exchanging gases (e.g., CH4, H2) at the surface-atmosphere boundary. Priority measurements of the subsurface that can only be accomplished with landers include sounding for water, heat flow measurement, and detecting Mars quakes to resolve subsurface structure at regional scales. Crucial scientific measurements for understanding the Mars system require access to and interaction with the Mars surface. Access to and interaction with rocks and ices is needed for measurements of texture, chemistry, mineralogy, isotopes at organics content at sub-centimeter scale. Landed measurements are required for boundary layer winds and measurements of exchanging gases (e.g., CH4, H2) at the surface-atmosphere boundary. Priority measurements of the subsurface that can only be accomplished with landers include sounding for water, heat flow measurement, and detecting Mars quakes to resolve subsurface structure at regional scales.
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