KISS studies convene experts from Caltech, JPL, and the wider space community to develop ideas and concepts that can revolutionize space science and engineering.
In recent decades, astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets, some like planets within our solar system, others unlike anything in our solar system. The sample thus far exhibits significant diversity and represents an opportunity to advance…
For centuries, humanity has looked to the skies with curiosity and wonder, seeking to understand whether we are alone in the universe. While that question remains unanswered, our solar system offers tantalizing clues—oceans beneath icy crusts,…
The study of the organic inventory of planetary materials occurs at an intersection of many fields including chemistry, biology, geology, and planetary science. In recent years, simple and complex organic materials have been identified and occur…
The surface and subsurface of any worlds beyond Mars still remain unexplored or underexplored. Yet it is these worlds that hold the key to some of the greatest questions in planetary science – for example, the…
A Digital Twin is a real-time virtual representation of a physical object, system, or process connected to its environment, which is dynamically updated with data from its physical twin throughout its lifecycle. While relatively new to…
This study will evaluate the science case for, and feasibility of, returning samples from the surface, atmosphere, and/or plumes of planetary bodies all across the Solar System, from Mercury to Kuiper Belt Objects beyond Pluto’s orbit.…
Asteroid 99942, also known as Apophis, will make a close approach to Earth on April 13, 2029, coming within 31,860 kilometers of Earth (within the geostationary belt), presenting a unique opportunity to study its characteristics and…
This Study Program will bring together theorists, observers, experimentalists, and mission architects to draft an innovative yet practical plan for determining the interior structure of Uranus. This Study will lead to a fully integrated approach, crossing…
The current framework for life detection for Mars exploration uses the ancient biosignatures paradigm where robust organics and former lacustrine environments provide assessments of habitability. This framework does not provide the science community with direct evidence…
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